Fritz Zwicky
Based on the motion of outlying galaxies in the Coma galaxy cluster, Zwicky concluded there was not enough visible matter to hold these fast-moving galaxies together, and in 1933 he proposed that galaxies hold unseen matter which he named "dark matter". His theories were largely ignored at the time, however the present standard model of cosmology indicates that dark energy and dark matter constitutes at least 84.5% of the total mass of the universe.