Who won Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 2012, and for what?

Question

Who won the 2010 Nobel prize for chemistry for their work in the 1960s & 1970s to find ways to bond carbon atoms (such as palladium-catalysed cross coupling)?

Answer 1

J B Gurdon, S Yamanaka: stem cell research
The prize was "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent" meaning that mature cells can be induced to become stem cells which have the potential to differentiate into any of the three derm layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining, gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system).