In central and northern Italy, the Guelphs, who supported the Pope, and Ghibellines, who supported the Holy Roman Emperor, became a metaphor for rivalry between individual families and cities. When was this?
The ans is - 12th and 13th centuries
From 1618 the Thirty Years War between Catholic and Protestant countries in the Holy Roman Empire, in 1632 became a fight between the Hapsburgs and Spain on one side against who on the other?
What did Emperor Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, aim to achieve when he called the Diet of Worms together in 1521?
