Countries which in the 19th century permanently abolished the death penalty were the Roman Republic (1849), Venezuela (1854), San Marino (1865), and which other?
Portugal The Roman Republic was a state declared on 9 February 1849 (after the government of the Papal States was vacated by the Pope) but overturned in July by the French and returned to the Holy See; enshrining abolition of the death penalty in its constitution was one of the Republic's first actions in its brief existence. In the case of San Marino the last execution had been in 1468. Portugal abolished the penalty in 1867.
