What is COAlESCE in SQL Server and how it is different from ISNULL function??

Answer 1

ISNULL is function and the COALESCE is an expression both are used for similar purpose but can behave differently.

1. Because ISNULL is a function, it is evaluated only once. As described above, the input values for the COALESCE expression can be evaluated multiple times.
2. Data type determination of the resulting expression is different. ISNULL uses the data type of the first parameter, COALESCE follows the CASE expression rules and returns the data type of value with the highest precedence.
3. The NULLability of the result expression is different for ISNULL and COALESCE. The ISNULL return value is always considered NOT NULLable (assuming the return value is a non-nullable one) whereas COALESCE with non-null parameters is considered to be NULL. So the expressions ISNULL(NULL, 1) and COALESCE(NULL, 1) although equivalent have different nullability values. This makes a difference if you are using these expressions in computed columns, creating key constraints or making the return value of a scalar UDF deterministic so that it can be indexed as shown in the following example.

Answer 2

The main difference in both is ISNULL replace value of any column if it is NULL to something else

Select ISNULL(NULL,5) Result- 5
While COALESCE gives value of first not null coulmn

Select COALESCE (NULL,NULL,5,NULL) Result- 5

But Mainly we use coalesce where we want to get value of a column as a comma seperated values-

DECLARE @listStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @listStr = COALESCE(@listStr+',' ,'') + Name
FROM Production.Product
SELECT @listStr