You can do it effectively the same way as the XAML example simply by setting your view's BindingContext to the other view.
var stepper = new Stepper();
var label = new Label {
BindingContext = stepper
};
label.SetBinding (Label.TextProperty, new Binding ("Value", stringFormat: "{0:F0}"));
Alternatively, you can set the Binding.Source:
var stepper = new Stepper();
var label = new Label();
label.SetBinding (Label.TextProperty, new Binding ("Value", stringFormat: "{0:F0}", source: stepper));