When we come to the roaming scenarios we came across lot of problems like Billing, QoS and so much and for all those we have different approaches like if in roaming scenarios 4G network is not present then the legacy network 2G/3G will carry the user to SGSN and SGSN will have anchor point with P-GW. Doesn't it make complex for billing and all resources. It can directly BIll it from other entities if the user base has shared.
Consequences of different APN approach and Inter-working Gateways in roaming scenarios. Are they useful for Operators or it has got messed up?