SQL Server Maximum Columns Limit
Bytes per short string column 8,000
Bytes per GROUP BY, ORDER BY 8,060
Bytes per row 8,060
Columns per index key 16
Columns per foreign key 16
Columns per primary key 16
Columns per nonwide table 1,024
Columns per wide table 30,000
Columns per SELECT statement 4,096
Columns per INSERT statement 4096
Columns per UPDATE statement (Wide Tables) 4096
When you combine varchar, nvarchar, varbinary, sql_variant, or CLR user-defined type columns that exceed 8,060 bytes per row