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What are constraints? Explain different types of constraints?

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Hai, friends anybody explain the constraints and their types

posted Nov 18, 2014 by Roshan

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2 Answers

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SQL Constraints
SQL constraints are used to specify rules for the data in a table.

If there is any violation between the constraint and the data action, the action is aborted by the constraint.

Constraints can be specified when the table is created (inside the CREATE TABLE statement) or after the table is created (inside the ALTER TABLE statement).

SQL CREATE TABLE + CONSTRAINT Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type(size) constraint_name,
column_name2 data_type(size) constraint_name,
column_name3 data_type(size) constraint_name,
....
);
In SQL, we have the following constraints:

NOT NULL - Indicates that a column cannot store NULL value
UNIQUE - Ensures that each row for a column must have a unique value
PRIMARY KEY - A combination of a NOT NULL and UNIQUE. Ensures that a column (or combination of two or more columns) have an unique identity which helps to find a particular record in a table more easily and quickly
FOREIGN KEY - Ensure the referential integrity of the data in one table to match values in another table
CHECK - Ensures that the value in a column meets a specific condition
DEFAULT - Specifies a default value when specified none for this column

answer Nov 18, 2014 by Arun Gowda
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Constraints is a rule or restriction concerning a piece of data that is enforced at the data level. A Constraint clause can constrain a single column or group of columns in a table.
There are five types of Constraint namely
1.Null / Not Null
2.Primary Key
3.Unique
4.Check or Validation
5.Foreign Key or References Key

answer Nov 18, 2014 by Manikandan J
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