The principle of lex talionis first surfaces in legal codes from where?

Question

Which legal case in 2000 famously saw decisions by the United States Supreme Court where the first two female Justices appointed to that Court were on opposite sides?

Answer 1

Mesopotamia
Lex talionis is the law of “eye-for-an-eye”, that a criminal should receive as punishment precisely the injury they had inflicted upon their victim, originally literally but later interpreted more as meaning the victim should be compensated to the same degree. The literal punishment is laid out in the Code of Hammurabi developed c. 1755–1750 BCE in Babylon in southern Mesopotamia. The principle underlay similar Roman law and Jewish laws laid out in the Torah, to exact proportional retaliation, i.e. "as another person has received injury from him, so it will be given to him", or compensation.