Broadly speaking there are three methods to increase throughput in LTE:
Increasing Spectral Efficiency (bits/s/Hz): Techniques includes (a) Higher Order Modulation, (b) Higher order MIMO
Increasing the Spectrum Utilization Efficiency (bits/s/Hz/km-sq): Techniques include (a) Small Cell & Heterogeneous Networking (HetNet) using eICIC, (b) Implementing Coordinated Multi-point (CoMP) Transmission & Reception
Increasing Bandwidth (Add spectrum): Techniques include (a) Increasing channel bandwidth upto 20Mhz for single carrier, (b) Aggregating Multiple Channels using Intra-Band or Inter-Band Carrier Aggregation
As far as I know, throughput can be increased using following techniques: 1. Increase the bandwidth (Carrier aggregation) 2. Increase MIMO 3. Better scheduling algorithms
There may exist other techniques as well.
how to calculate throughput in DL and UL in 5CA DL and 2CA UL for different bandwidth;